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Then switch to View mode to see the actual report consisting of repeated elements. With the ad hoc reporting tools in Dundas BI, you can create reports on- the- fly to display information that may be outside your regular BI reporting. Although there have been many other most used font posts, most of them outline fonts used by the . In this post I want to outline. Alternatively is there a website that you can download Helvetica free of charge. Helvetica is one of the most popular typefaces. Being that it is trademarked, there are other typefaces you might consider as an alternative to Helvetica. Helvetica or Neue Haas-Grotesk is a widely used sans-serif typeface developed in 1957 by Swiss typeface designer Max Miedinger with input from Eduard Hoffmann. In the catalog, each font has a link to Fontspring where you can purchase the type of license you need. For free fonts, it's the same thing: just add them to your. ![]() Download, view, test-drive, bookmark free fonts. 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It is considered a neutral typeface that has great clarity, no intrinsic meaning in its form, that can be used on a wide variety of signage. It is a neo- grotesque or realist design, influenced by the famous 1. Akzidenz- Grotesk and other German and Swiss designs. Its use became a hallmark of the international typographic style that emerged from the work of Swiss designers in the 1. Free Downloads of Alternative Helvetica Typefaces. Below you can find some free downloads that can stand in for this classic sans serif typeface. Coolvetica by Ray Larabie. This typeface is almost like Helvetica but with a few nuances. Alte Haas Grotesk comes in regular and bold versions. It is in the neo- grotesque style with a Helvetica look. Lowvetica is inspired by Helvetica, is shorter, squatter and as it says in its description, it has . These are listed here so you can reduce the time sifting through your computer's typeface library. Arial Armitage. ARS Region. Basic Commericial. Claro. Corvus. Europa Grotesk FF Bau FF Dagny. FF Schulbuch. Geneva 2. Hamilton Heldustry. Helio/IIHelv. Helvette. Holsatia. Maxima Megaron/IIMuseo Sans. Nimbus Sans. Sans URWSpectra. Sonoran Sans Serif. Swiss. Swiss 7. 21 BTSwitzerland. CG Triumvirate. Univers. Vega Swiss 9. 11 BT Impact and Placard Bold and Swiss 9. BT Fun Facts About Helvetica. The typeface was originally named Neue Haas Grotesk (New Haas Grotesque), it was rapidly licensed by Linotype and renamed Helvetica, being similar to the Latin adjective for Switzerland, Helvetia. The typeface name was changed to Helvetica in 1. Linotype was later acquired by Monotype Imaging. A feature- length film directed by Gary Hustwit was released in 2. XM Satellite Radio - Wikipedia. XM Satellite Radio (XM) was one of the three satellite radio (SDARS) and online radio services in the United States and Canada, operated by Sirius XM Holdings. It provided pay- for- service radio, analogous to cable television. Its service included 7. XM channels were identified by Arbitron with the label . In 1. 99. 2, AMSC established a unit called the American Mobile Radio Corporation dedicated to developing a satellite- based digital radio service; this was spun off as XM Satellite Radio Holdings, Inc. The satellite service was officially launched on September 2. On July 2. 9, 2. 00. XM and former competitor Sirius Satellite Radio formally completed their merger, following U. S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, forming Sirius XM Radio, Inc. XM carried music, news (both simulcast and syndicated programming), sports, talk radio, comedy (both stand- up and radio shows), and even radio drama. In addition, XM used to broadcast local weather and traffic conditions in its larger markets. The channel lineup was available on- line. Prices ranged from less than $5. With a service commitment, it was possible to get a simple receiver for free. Monthly packages started at US$6. US$1. 4. 4. 9/month.
![]() Gowdy # If you have any new. ![]() Best- of- Sirius was available on US accounts for an additional monthly fee. Lifetime packages were also available (USA only). Channel quality was in one of two flavors, stereo music channels at 3. Many subscribers have complained about the low quality of satellite radio sound. But providers have stuck with the plan for more channels instead of better quality. HD terrestrial digital radio, a competitor has always used this difference as a selling point. Panoráma Wellness Apartman Hotel**** Hajdúszoboszló. 2 éj 2 f. The Flagship Turn-Based Strategy Game Returns. Become Ruler of the World by establishing and leading a civilization from the dawn of man into the space age: Wage war. Roku is streaming device, which support most of the world channel like Netflix, Hulu, Hulu Plus, Sling TV, HBO, HBO Go, Amazon, Crackle TV, Acorn Tv, H History etc. Prior to March 1. XMRO was included with XM Radio subscriptions, or was available separately for $7. Internet- only subscribers. Weather and traffic. This up to the minute weather information could be displayed in the cockpit of an aircraft equipped with a satellite weather receiver. Unlike weather radar, which relies on the aircraft's own equipment, the satellite service could give a pilot information about weather anywhere in USA and Canada. The downside is that the various weather streams (radar, cloud coverage, lightning, forecast, TAF, FA, etc..) took around 1. In- cockpit radar and lightning receivers returned truly realtime information, but they costed many thousands of dollars, and did not provide forecasts and complete weather reports. FAA Temporary Flight Restrictions ( TFRs) were also available and shown. Certain aircraft had the XM radio service into the aircraft's audio system, as well, which allowed passengers to listen to XM radio while flying. United Airlines started carrying prerecorded XM content in March 2. Zipcar, an urban car- sharing service in the United States, initially installed XM receivers in all of their vehicles available for daily or hourly rental. However, citing uncertainty in the satellite radio market, Zipcar announced on May 1, 2. XM radios would be removed from its fleet in the following months. Customer Service. In October 2. 01. Richard Cordray, Ohio's Attorney General, began investigating complaints regarding Sirius XM's policies on billing, customer solicitation as well as subscription renewals and cancellations. The company informed shareholders of the probe shortly thereafter. According to news reports, Arizona, Connecticut, Tennessee, Vermont, and the District of Columbia have expressed interest in participating in the inquiry. According to Reuters, . Some Florida customers have reported being billed for automatic renewals of accounts they had canceled. Further, Sirius XM was sued in federal court by a customer accusing it of deceptively raising prices. Martine Rothblatt, founder and Chairman of CD Radio, amends her 1. FCC to create a single satellite radio service frequency band to enable two satellite radio systems to operate within that frequency band. December 1. 5: after CD Radio (later becoming Sirius Satellite Radio) successfully petitioned the Federal Communications Commission and Congress to look into creating Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS) in the United States, American Mobile Satellite Corp. Later that year, American Mobile brings in World. Space as a 2. 0% investor into the new venture with the intention of using their technology. May 1. 6: American Mobile Satellite and World. Space officially change the name of American Mobile Radio to XM Satellite Radio. Later that month, Lon Levin, who was politically instrumental in the early years of establishing American Mobile Radio, becomes its President until 1. VP role in charge of Government Regulatory. October: XM Satellite Radio obtains one of only two satellite digital audio radio service licenses offered by the Federal Communications Commission. Together with CD Radio (SIRIUS), the two beat out Primosphere Limited Partnership and Digital Satellite Broadcasting Corporation as licensees. June: Clear Channel Communications, Direc. TV, General Motors, and a private investment group invest US$2. XM Satellite Radio convertible debt. Both Clear Channel and Direc. TV agree to develop services for XM. June 7: with GM's investment in XM, they enter into a 1. The agreement calls for exclusive installation of XM Satellite Radio into GM vehicles from November 1. November 2. 01. 3. On. Star must meet specific escalating installation rates each year, while XM must make extensive payments to On. Star for the installation and sale of XM in their vehicles, while sharing revenue earned from these radios with On. Star – as well as payments on the exclusivity agreement. July 7, American Mobile Satellite, still XM's parent company, uses approximately US$7. World. Space holds. In October, XM Satellite Radio issues 1. Class A common stock at an IPO price of US$1. American Mobile Satellite remains the majority holder of the public company. April: American Mobile Satellite Corp. In July, American Honda join several private investors in a US$2. September 2. 5 (Originally set for September 1. The initial lineup includes 7. The original launch date of September 1. World Trade Center and Pentagon terrorist attacks. October: with Motient heading into bankruptcy, they spin off their non- XM satellite division into a joint operation with TMI Communications and Company, L. P., a wholly owned subsidiary of BCE Inc. This ends Motient's interest in XM and begins XM's history as a stand- alone company. Hughes Electronics would go on to combine this new interest in with the interest already held by their subsidiary, Direc. TV. November 1. 2: XM Satellite Radio marks the official launch of full nationwide service. December 3. 1: XM Satellite Radio ends the year with 2. September 3: XM Satellite Radio adds Playboy Radio, an adult entertainment premium channel, available for an additional $2. The plan involves XM exchanging US$3. General Motors installation agreement, issuing a convertible bond to GM, issuing a warrant for shares to GM, and establishing a revolving credit facility with GM; and finally the plan included new funding coming from a placement of over US$3. June: Veteran award- winning radio producer Joe Bevilacqua's radio theater extravaganza, The Comedy- O- Rama Hour, premieres on XM1. Sonic Theater Channel. Celebrity guests include Al Franken, Lewis Black, Shelley Berman, Bob Edwards, Nancy Cartwright and June Foray. July: the company has nearly 7. December 3. 1: XM Satellite Radio ends the year with 1,3. January through March: With the sale of Hughes Electronics from General Motors to Rupert Murdoch's News Corp., Direc. TV's interest in XM Satellite Radio is sold off on the market. February 2: XM Radio announces 1. March 1: XM Radio launched Instant Traffic and Weather Channels for major metropolitan markets in the United States. August 1. 1: XM Radio subscriber base breaks the 2. The company partners with automakers General Motors, Honda, Isuzu, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen, and SAAB to offer in- dash XM receivers on an OEM basis. The Acura TL is the first luxury automobile to offer XM radio as . Also, former National Public Radio host Bob Edwards broadcasts the first Bob Edwards Show on XM Public Radio, channel 1. October 2. 0: XM announces an 1. US$6. 50 million deal with Major League Baseball to broadcast games live nationwide and become the Official Satellite Radio provider of Major League Baseball. The agreement grants XM the rights to use the MLB silhouetted batter logo and the collective marks of all major league clubs. As part of the deal, XM creates a 2. MLB channel called . The deal starts with the 2. MLB can pick up. October 2. XM presents its first XM2go portable XM receiver: The Delphi My. Fi. December 3. 1: XM Satellite Radio ends the year with 3,2. January 5: XM introduces two new XM2go models: Pioneer's Air. Ware and the Tao from Giant International. February 2. 8: XM's third satellite, Rhythm, is launched successfully. March 3: XM becomes the exclusive satellite partner of the Indy Racing League and Indianapolis 5. IMS Radio Network)April 1: XM announces that it has added 5. Q1 2. 00. 5, pushing their total subscriber base to 3. April 1. 1: XM announces that a deal has been reached to be the official satellite radio network of Air America Radio. May 1. 6: XM announces that subscribership has topped 4 million. This indicates exponential growth for the company. In five weeks time, they added 2. May 2. 8: the Wall Street Journal reports that XM has awarded the contract for the XM 5 spacecraft to Space Systems/Loral. June 7: XM partners with Audible. The Opie and Anthony Show, as well as The Bob Edwards Show. July 1: XM announces it has added more than 6. Q2 2. 00. 5, pushing their total subscriber base over 4. August 1: XM announces the addition of popular radio hosts Ron and Fez. August 1: XM announces a three- year partnership with the United States Tennis Association to broadcast the US Open tournament through 2. US Open Series events. September 1. 2: Ron and Fez join Opie and Anthony on High Voltage XM 2. September 1. 3: XM announces a 1. Today's Stock Market News and Analysis. CLOSEXPlease confirm your selection. You have selected to change your default setting for the Quote Search. This will now be your default target page. Are you sure you want to change your settings? 8/31/2017 0 Comments Sap Keygen 2.0Team. Viewer Enterprise 8. 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They can also be created and edited with a standard text editor, a code editor like XAMLPad, or a graphical editor like Vector Architect. Anything that is created or implemented in XAML can be expressed using a more traditional . NET language, such as C# or Visual Basic. NET. However, a key aspect of the technology is the reduced complexity needed for tools to process XAML, because it is based on XML. As XAML is simply based on XML, developers and designers are able to share and edit content freely amongst themselves without requiring compilation. XAML also benefits from being a declarative definition of the UI rather than procedural code to generate it. Technology. At run- time, the framework engine extracts the . BAML file from assembly resources, parses it, and creates a corresponding WPF visual tree or workflow. When used in Windows Presentation Foundation, XAML is used to describe visual user interfaces. WPF allows for the definition of both 2. D and 3. D objects, rotations, animations, and a variety of other effects and features. When used in Windows Workflow Foundation contexts, XAML is used to describe potentially long- running declarative logic, such as those created by process modeling tools and rules systems. The serialization format for workflows was previously called XOML, to differentiate it from UI markup use of XAML, but now they are no longer distinguished. However, the file extension for files containing the workflow markup is still . You have not yet voted on this site! If you have already visited the site, please help us classify the good from the bad by voting on this site. ![]() Using a schema that Microsoft recommends, the example can also be. Another way is to use the Silverlight plugin. Technical articles, content and resources for IT Professionals working in Microsoft technologies.The code cannot be included directly in an HTML page; rather it must be loaded into the page via Java. Script. If . NET 3. XAML files can also be viewed on their own in a compatible Web browser (including Internet Explorer and Firefox) in conjunction with the . NET Framework 3. 0, without the need for the Silverlight plugin. They are not compiled with an application.< htmlxmlns=. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. BAML means Binary Application Markup Language, which is a compiled version of the XAML. When you compile your XAML it creates the BAML file. Retrieved 2. 00. 8- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Silverlight includes a XAML parser that is part of the Silverlight core install. Silverlight uses different XAML parsers depending on whether your application targets Silverlight 3 or Silverlight 4. The two parsers exist side- by- side in Silverlight 4 for compatibility. In some cases, the XAML parsing behavior in Silverlight differs from the parsing behavior in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF). WPF has its own XAML parser. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Retrieved 2. 2 August 2. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2. August 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 2. Miguel de Icaza. Retrieved 2. Bluetooth - Wikipedia. This article is about a wireless technology standard. For the medieval king of Denmark, see Harald Bluetooth. Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short- wavelength UHFradio waves in the ISM band from 2. GHz. Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1. The Bluetooth SIG oversees development of the specification, manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks. The purpose was to develop wireless headsets, according to two inventions by Johan Ullman, SE 8. SE 9. 20. 22. 39, issued 1. Nils Rydbeck tasked Tord Wingren with specifying and Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson with developing. Both were working for Ericsson in Lund. The idea of this name was proposed in 1. Jim Kardach of Intel who developed a system that would allow mobile phones to communicate with computers. At the time of this proposal he was reading Frans G. Bengtsson's historical novel The Long Ships about Vikings and King Harald Bluetooth. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency- hopping spread spectrum. Bluetooth divides transmitted data into packets, and transmits each packet on one of 7. Bluetooth channels. Each channel has a bandwidth of 1 MHz. It usually performs 8. Adaptive Frequency- Hopping (AFH) enabled. Since the introduction of Bluetooth 2. EDR, . Devices functioning with GFSK are said to be operating in basic rate (BR) mode where an instantaneous bit rate of 1 Mbit/s is possible. The term Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) is used to describe . The combination of these (BR and EDR) modes in Bluetooth radio technology is classified as a . One master may communicate with up to seven slaves in a piconet. All devices share the master's clock. Packet exchange is based on the basic clock, defined by the master, which ticks at 3. Two clock ticks make up a slot of 6. In the simple case of single- slot packets the master transmits in even slots and receives in odd slots. The slave, conversely, receives in even slots and transmits in odd slots. Packets may be 1, 3 or 5 slots long, but in all cases the master's transmission begins in even slots and the slave's in odd slots. The above is valid for . Bluetooth Low Energy, introduced in the 4. Bluetooth low energy#Radio interface. Communication and connection. The devices can switch roles, by agreement, and the slave can become the master (for example, a headset initiating a connection to a phone necessarily begins as master—as initiator of the connection—but may subsequently operate as slave). The Bluetooth Core Specification provides for the connection of two or more piconets to form a scatternet, in which certain devices simultaneously play the master role in one piconet and the slave role in another. At any given time, data can be transferred between the master and one other device (except for the little- used broadcast mode. The master chooses which slave device to address; typically, it switches rapidly from one device to another in a round- robin fashion. Since it is the master that chooses which slave to address, whereas a slave is (in theory) supposed to listen in each receive slot, being a master is a lighter burden than being a slave. ![]() Being a master of seven slaves is possible; being a slave of more than one master is possible. The specification is vague as to required behavior in scatternets. Class. Max. See the table on the right. Officially Class 3 radios have a range of up to 1 metre (3 ft), Class 2, most commonly found in mobile devices, 1. Class 1, primarily for industrial use cases,1. Most Bluetooth applications are for indoor conditions, where attenuation of walls and signal fading due to signal reflections make the range far lower than specified line- of- sight ranges of the Bluetooth products. Most Bluetooth applications are battery powered Class 2 devices, with little difference in range whether the other end of the link is a Class 1 or Class 2 device as the lower powered device tends to set the range limit. In some cases the effective range of the data link can be extended when a Class 2 device is connecting to a Class 1 transceiver with both higher sensitivity and transmission power than a typical Class 2 device. Connecting two Class 1 devices with both high sensitivity and high power can allow ranges far in excess of the typical 1. Some such devices allow open field ranges of up to 1 km and beyond between two similar devices without exceeding legal emission limits. Manufacturers' implementations can be tuned to provide the range needed for each case. These profiles include settings to parameterize and to control the communication from the start. Modem Routers. For ADSL / VDSL and NBN connections, D-link has you covered with the widest range of Modem Routers available. Technology keeps you connected everywhere you go, helps you capture every moment & makes your life a bit easier; stay up-to-date with tips & tricks from eHow. True 7.1 gaming headset with 10 discrete neodymium-magnet drivers and a plug-and-play USB audio station. Windows 7, Vista and XP can provide updates and drivers to currently installed or new adapters using Windows Update. As soon as the device is plugged in or recently. Adherence to profiles saves the time for transmitting the parameters anew before the bi- directional link becomes effective. There are a wide range of Bluetooth profiles that describe many different types of applications or use cases for devices. This was one of the earliest applications to become popular. Idiomatically, a headset is sometimes called . The protected item has a Bluetooth marker (e. If the connection is broken (the marker is out of range of the phone) then an alarm is raised. This can also be used as a man overboard alarm. A product using this technology has been available since 2. Wi- Fi (IEEE 8. 02. Wi- Fi is intended as a replacement for high speed cabling for general local area network access in work areas or home. This category of applications is sometimes called wireless local area networks (WLAN). Bluetooth was intended for portable equipment and its applications. The category of applications is outlined as the wireless personal area network (WPAN). Bluetooth is a replacement for cabling in a variety of personally carried applications in any setting, and also works for fixed location applications such as smart energy functionality in the home (thermostats, etc.). Wi- Fi and Bluetooth are to some extent complementary in their applications and usage. Wi- Fi is usually access point- centered, with an asymmetrical client- server connection with all traffic routed through the access point, while Bluetooth is usually symmetrical, between two Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth serves well in simple applications where two devices need to connect with minimal configuration like a button press, as in headsets and remote controls, while Wi- Fi suits better in applications where some degree of client configuration is possible and high speeds are required, especially for network access through an access node. However, Bluetooth access points do exist and ad- hoc connections are possible with Wi- Fi though not as simply as with Bluetooth. Wi- Fi Direct was recently developed to add a more Bluetooth- like ad- hoc functionality to Wi- Fi. Bluetooth is commonly used to transfer sound data with telephones (i. Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand- held computers (transferring files). Bluetooth protocols simplify the discovery and setup of services between devices. While some desktop computers and most recent laptops come with a built- in Bluetooth radio, others require an external adapter, typically in the form of a small USB . Windows Vista RTM/SP1 with the Feature Pack for Wireless or Windows Vista SP2 work with Bluetooth v. EDR. The Windows XP stack can be replaced by a third party stack that supports more profiles or newer Bluetooth versions. The Windows Vista/Windows 7 Bluetooth stack supports vendor- supplied additional profiles without requiring that the Microsoft stack be replaced. The Blue. Z stack is included with most Linux kernels and was originally developed by Qualcomm. Its Bluetooth stack has been ported to Open. BSD as well. Specifications and features. The SIG was formally announced on 2. May 1. 99. 8. Today it has a membership of over 3. Versions 1. 0 and 1. B also included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address (BD. The main difference is the introduction of an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. The bit rate of EDR is 3 Mbit/s, although the maximum data transfer rate (allowing for inter- packet time and acknowledgements) is 2. Mbit/s. Aside from EDR, the v. At least one commercial device states . See the section on Pairing below for more details. Bluetooth v. 3. 0 + HS provides theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 2. Mbit/s, though not over the Bluetooth link itself. Instead, the Bluetooth link is used for negotiation and establishment, and the high data rate traffic is carried over a colocated 8. The main new feature is AMP (Alternative MAC/PHY), the addition of 8. The High- Speed part of the specification is not mandatory, and hence only devices that display the . A Bluetooth v. 3. Introduced in Core Specification Addendum 1. Alternative MAC/PHYEnables the use of alternative MAC and PHYs for transporting Bluetooth profile data. The Bluetooth radio is still used for device discovery, initial connection and profile configuration. However, when large quantities of data must be sent, the high speed alternative MAC PHY 8. Wi- Fi) transports the data. This means that Bluetooth uses proven low power connection models when the system is idle, and the faster radio when it must send large quantities of data. AMP links require enhanced L2. CAP modes. Unicast Connectionless Data. Permits sending service data without establishing an explicit L2. CAP channel. It is intended for use by applications that require low latency between user action and reconnection/transmission of data. This is only appropriate for small amounts of data. Enhanced Power Control. Updates the power control feature to remove the open loop power control, and also to clarify ambiguities in power control introduced by the new modulation schemes added for EDR. Enhanced power control removes the ambiguities by specifying the behaviour that is expected. The feature also adds closed loop power control, meaning RSSI filtering can start as the response is received. Additionally, a . This is expected to deal with the headset link loss issue typically observed when a user puts their phone into a pocket on the opposite side to the headset. Foreign Exchange Rates & World Currencies - Bloomberg https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/currencies Current exchange rates of major world currencies. 20,000,000 Visitors and counting - fix my hit counter and earn credit$: We salute our Nation’s military, past and present. IN WONDERFUL ALBANY, NY, USA. Search metadata Search full text of books Search TV captions Search archived web sites Advanced Search.
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I’m by nomeansthefirst to ask the question; it’s a natural thing to wonder for anyone who’s driven around with a rain- streaked rear window. And I’m not the first to claim to have an answer, either. But the explanations that have come before I don’t think make any sense. The most common rationalization is that there’s an aerodynamic justification, suggesting that the way the air flows over a car with a trunk as opposed to a car with an opening rear is different. Usually, these explanations make assumptions about the shape of the hatchback in question, often suggesting that hatchbacks have vertical or nearly vertical rear windows, which are said to get dirtier, or more affected by the rain, or whatever. This explanation, of course, is horseshit. First, the idea that rear wipers are only present on vehicles with nearly- vertical rear windows is disproven comically easy. A casual glance around almost anywhere out- of- doors will reveal hatchback cars with rear wipers with rear windows running a wild spectrum of angles. Don’t believe me? Look, here’s two cars from the same automaker: There’s two common cars with hatchbacks and rear- window wipers. The top car has a rear window angle of about 8. If the angle of the rear window is truly a factor in why a rear wiper may or may not be needed, then the range where a wiper must seem to make sense is vast, and would include nearly every sedan. In fact, I can only think of a handful of examples of cars where the rear window’s angle would make it somehow immune from the effects of rain, and those cars tend to look like this: I’m not buying the rear- window angle/aero argument. There’s an adjunct to that argument that suggests the presence of a trunk, an extension of a car’s body beyond the rear window, affects the airflow over the car in such a way that dirt and grime are less likely to be deposited on the window. This explanation doesn’t ever seem to bother with the whole . But that still doesn’t explain why when given two cars with nearly identical profiles, one hatch and one sedan, the hatch may have a rear wiper while the sedan never, ever will. Look at these two cars I happened to spot on the street, one sedan, one hatch, one rear- wiped, one not: Both that Acura and that Volvo have about the same length of decklid behind the rear window, and both those rear windows are at roughly the same angle. Either one could have been engineered to be either a hatchback or have a trunk. Yet still we see that only the hatchback gets a rear wiper. There’s also the argument that cars with trunks don’t have the room to house the wiper motor and arm assembly, but I’m pretty sure that’s not the case, since there have been a number of non- hatchbacks (rare, sure, but not unknown) that have rear- window wipers. The wiper motors tend to be housed under the rear package shelf, and there seems to be plenty of room. In fact, one of the very few longtime proponents of rear- wipers for non- hatches, Porsche, has been putting them in cars with pretty cluttered rear ends for years. Some cars, like the Lancia Flamina, even found room for two wipers in back. These bold, uncommon trunked cars that dare to keep their rear windows clear in the rain should make any claim that it’s impossible to mount a working rear wiper on a non- hatchback seem like the bullshit answer it is. It can be done. It has been done. So, if all the arguments for why trunked cars (sedans, coup? I believe I found it when I reached out to one of the very few companies today that make three- box- looking sedans with rear wipers. I first noticed the cars when I was in Barcelona, where Skoda taxis are in use: That sure as hell looks like a normal three- box sedan, and that’s a rear wiper. I reached out to Skoda UK to ask them about why they’re the solitary, brave voice of rear- visibility reason in the world, and got this response: We do offer a rear wiper on some of our . However, two things worth noting here; 1) The factory offer it as a free option on the Superb, not as standard, as the design department don’t like the look of it on the vehicle, as it . I can tell you from personal experience with the Superb, the angle is so shallow that water does gather/sit there and a rear wiper is very useful. So, a few crucial points: first, I forgot that these Skodas used the very clever Twindoor system, where the cars have both a trunk and a fully opening rear hatch, depending on how you chose to open the rear. It’s really pretty brilliant. The shape of the car is still very much a sedan, though, and that alone would seem to negate any shape/aero- type argument about why sedans lack rear wipers. The most telling part, though, is what they said at first, and why the rear wiper is a . The reason seems to be in this statement.. It’s all about design perception and old, lingering traditions that are incredibly firmly entrenched for no good reason. For whatever reason, cars with opening backs are still somewhat second- class citizens in the automotive community. There’s some vestiges of old- school classism at work, I think, and the idea seems to be that a car with an opening rear is a car that works for a living, while a sedan, with a trunk, is somehow more genteel, and as such is above any vulgar outward displays of utility like an exposed wiper on the rear. What else can explain why, for some reason, it’s just fine to have a wiper on a hatch and not okay on a sedan? There is no good reason, what we’re dealing with here is yet another irrational . There’s no rational reason why hatchbacks or rear wipers should somehow be something to be ashamed of, or to have less strange, vague . The thinking seems to be that lines of a sedan or coup. If the automotive world was rational, you could just add a rear wiper option on almost any car, but the automotive world has never been rational, and never will be. That’s both why I love it so and why sometimes I find it absolutely maddening. And I’m pretty sure that’s why there’s so many cars where I can’t see behind me in the rain. |
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